Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are adult multipotent cells that have high therapeutic potential due to their immunological properties. They can be isolated from several different tissues with bone marrow (BM) being the most common source. Because the isolation procedure is invasive, other tissues such as human umbilical cord vein (UCV) have been considered. However, their interchangeability remains unclear. In the present study, total protein extracts of BM-hMSCs and UCV-hMSCs were quantitatively compared using gel-LC-MS/MS. Previous SAGE analysis of the same cells was re-annotated to enable comparison and combination of these two data sets. We observed a more than 63% correlation between proteomic and transcriptomic data. In silico analysis of highly expressed genes in cells of both origins suggests that they can be modulated by microRNA, which can change protein abundance. Our results showed that MSCs from both tissues shared high similarity in metabolic and functional processes relevant to their therapeutic potential, especially in the immune system process, response to stimuli, and processes related to the delivery of the hMSCs to a given tissue, such as migration and adhesion. Hence, our results support the idea that the more accessible UCV could be a potentially less invasive source of MSCs.