Immundnz Ltd.

Flow cytometry allows properties of individual cells to be measured using lasers. It can analyze the characteristics of cells or particles. We have broad experience in the application of flow cytometry in in vitro and immunology research.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) bridges innate and adaptive immunity, and it involves both humoral and cellular immune responses. ADCC has been found to be a main route of immune protection against viral infections and cancers in vivo. We perform the assay with a flowcytometry based protocol using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or human cell lines as effector cells.

Our in house phagocytosis assay using cell line based macrophages is adapted to an ADCP assay where the target cell is co-cultured with phagocytes. In addition to generating microscopy based co-localisation readings of target cell and phagocyte (representing cell attachment) we generate flow cytometry based phagocytosis readings in which the values of
the phagocytosed vs non-phagocytosed populations can be quantified. In this model the target cell can be an adherent or a suspension cell. We can also perform the assay with primary cells.

We generate macrophages and DCs from a human monocytic cell line for phagocytosis assays. These cells express CD14, CD11c, HLANDR, CD80, CD86, SIRPa and can be used in mono or co-cultures. The phagocytosis is tested with zymosan control. The assays can be adapted to opsonin based antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The assay outputs can be measured by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and microscopy and also through cytokine measurements. We can also perform the test with primary cells.

Cytokine Release Assays (CRAs) are an in vitro assessment designed to detect if whole blood or isolated lymphocyte preparations, when dosed with a test therapeutic, induce a cytokine storm. We perform the cytokine release assay, both in human cell cell lines and primary cells. Read-out techniques are flow cytometry and immuno-assay with optionally LC-MS.

We perform marcophage (re)polarization studies using primary cells and macrophages generated from a human monocytic cell line. These cells express CD14, CD11c, HLAGDR, CD80, CD86, SIRPa and can be used in mono or co-cultures to study drug effects
for various macrophage related outcomes.The macrophages can be characterised by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and microscopy. These macrophages are easily transformed into inflammatory (M1) or regulatory type (M2) and can also demonstrate
effective phagocytosis.

We perform cell co-culture studies in 2D, 3D and chip systems. We can co-culture any immune cell type (myeloid, lymphoid) with each other or with somatic cells like lung, kidney, liver, eye, skin etc.

We offer dendritic cell generation and maturation assays. We generate DCs from a human monocytic cell line (also from primary monocytes or haematopoietic cells). These cells
express CD11c, HLAKDR, CD80, CD86, SIRPa, CD14 and can be used in mono or co-cultures to study drug effects for DC maturation and various DC related outcomes. The DCs can be characterised by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and microscopy and also through
cytokine measurements. We can perform assays with a T cell line for immune functional studies.

The interaction between activated immune cells themselves with antigen-presenting cells is an important part to regulate the immune response, since during the immune response the activated T lymphocytes undergo rapid expansion to target and attack the tumor. We offer T cell activation and proliferation assays to validate the anti-tumor activity of immuno-oncology (IO) drugs. We use flow cytometry and ELISA as readout techniques and can apply studies both with primary cells as well as with human cell lines.

T helper (Th) cells provide helper functions to other cells of the immune system—especially the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells—and are important for their activation and maturation. There are distinct subsets of Th cells such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Tfh, and Treg cells, each activated by a specific set of cytokines and transcription factors and characterized by the cytokines they secrete and functions they perform. We can help in analyzing T-Helper cell polarization and do this using flow cytometry and immunoassays. We can perform the assay with human cell lines and primary cells.

Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a test used to show the safety of a drug in which populations of T-lymphocytes are mixed together, and the reaction that occurs is measured by flow cytometry and ELISA. MLR is performed to assess how T-cells react to external stimuli.

We specialise in designing, developing and experimenting preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo) to study biological interactions. Immune modelling is the modelling of a system to test the immune response that may be associated with an infection, a metabolite or a drug. It would be the key source to understanding the effective pathway of a therapeutic for example an oncolytic agent In immuno oncology or an inhibitor in inflammatory diseases. We emphasise on the immune modelling of a disease or a candidate therapeutic to understand:

    – if an immunotherapeutic generates the desired immune response (e.g. against tumours), or
    – if a drug targets an immune condition (e.g. autoimmunity), or– if a drug might generate an unwanted (adverse) immune response.

We specialise in designing, developing and experimenting preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo) to study biological interactions. Immune modelling is the modelling of a system to test the immune response that may be associated with an infection, a metabolite or a drug. It would be the key source to understanding the effective pathway of a therapeutic for example an oncolytic agent In immuno oncology or an inhibitor in inflammatory diseases. We emphasise on the immune modelling of a disease or a candidate therapeutic to understand:

    – if an immunotherapeutic generates the desired immune response (e.g. against tumours), or
    – if a drug targets an immune condition (e.g. autoimmunity), or– if a drug might generate an unwanted (adverse) immune response.

We offer cell-based assays that measure cell health such as cell proliferation, cell viability and cytotoxicity, as well as assays that determine the specific mechanism of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis. We can perform these tests using primary cells as well as with human cell lines.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human and mammalian cells in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We grow various established and primary human cells in our lab that represent human tissue systems such as:

• Aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
• Lung epithelial cells (A549)
• Embryonic renal cells (HEK293)
• Hepatic cells (HepG2)
• Cervical cancer cells (HeLa)
• Placental cells (BeWo)
• Retinal epithelial cells (ARPE19)
• Neuronal cells (SY5Y)
• Prostate cancer cells (PC3)
• Lymphocytic cells (THP1, TALL1, BALL1)
• Monocyte derived dendritic cells. These are just a few examples: we can grow any cell types on request of the client.
  

We offer cell-based assays that measure cell health such as cell proliferation, cell viability and cytotoxicity, as well as assays that determine the specific mechanism of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis. We can perform these tests using primary cells as well as with human cell lines.

We specialise in designing, developing and experimenting preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo) to study biological interactions. Immune modelling is the modelling of a system to test the immune response that may be associated with an infection, a metabolite or a drug. It would be the key source to understanding the effective pathway of a therapeutic for example an oncolytic agent In immuno oncology or an inhibitor in inflammatory diseases. We emphasise on the immune modelling of a disease or a candidate therapeutic to understand:

    – if an immunotherapeutic generates the desired immune response (e.g. against tumours), or
    – if a drug targets an immune condition (e.g. autoimmunity), or– if a drug might generate an unwanted (adverse) immune response.

Using mass spectrometry, we can perform:

•Antibody characterisation
•Intact mAb molecular mass analysis
•Sequencing
•Fab, Fc, HC, LC
•Epitope mapping
•Post-translational modifications
•Aggregate analysis
•Impurity profiling
•
•
•Bioanalysis
•Quantification of biopharmaceuticals in biological matrices
•
•Proteomics
•Analysis of proteins involved in immune response
•Top-down (intact proteins)
•Bottom-up (digested proteins)
•Targeted (knowledge based)
•Untargeted (discovery)
•Multivariate data analysis

Using mass spectrometry, we can perform:

•Antibody characterisation
•Intact mAb molecular mass analysis
•Sequencing
•Fab, Fc, HC, LC
•Epitope mapping
•Post-translational modifications
•Aggregate analysis
•Impurity profiling
•
•
•Bioanalysis
•Quantification of biopharmaceuticals in biological matrices
•
•Proteomics
•Analysis of proteins involved in immune response
•Top-down (intact proteins)
•Bottom-up (digested proteins)
•Targeted (knowledge based)
•Untargeted (discovery)
•Multivariate data analysis

Using mass spectrometry, we can perform:

•Antibody characterisation
•Intact mAb molecular mass analysis
•Sequencing
•Fab, Fc, HC, LC
•Epitope mapping
•Post-translational modifications
•Aggregate analysis
•Impurity profiling
•
•
•Bioanalysis
•Quantification of biopharmaceuticals in biological matrices
•
•Proteomics
•Analysis of proteins involved in immune response
•Top-down (intact proteins)
•Bottom-up (digested proteins)
•Targeted (knowledge based)
•Untargeted (discovery)
•Multivariate data analysis

We offer cell-based assays that measure cell permeabilityt and cell health such as cell proliferation, cell viability and cytotoxicity, as well as assays that determine the specific mechanism of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis. We can perform these tests using primary cells as well as with human cell lines.

We offer cell-based assays that measure cell permeability and cell health such as cell proliferation, cell viability and cytotoxicity, as well as assays that determine the specific mechanism of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis. We can perform these tests using primary cells as well as with human cell lines.

HPLC assay for SEC, titer to determine protein aggregation, a factor of importance in immunogenicity.

We offer cell-based assays that measure cell invasion, migration and health such as cell proliferation, cell viability and cytotoxicity, as well as assays that determine the specific mechanism of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis. We can perform these tests using primary cells as well as with human cell lines.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human and mammalian primary  cells and cell lines in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client.

We can perform imaging microscopy and imaging mass spectrometry (including ion mobility) to enable e.g. histologic analysis.

We have developed a unique in vitro assay to screen for susceptibility of cytokine storm development. The assay can be used in drug discovery and diseases (COVID-19).

Cytokine Release Assays (CRAs) are an in vitro assessment designed to detect if whole blood or isolated lymphocyte preparations, when dosed with a test therapeutic, induce a cytokine storm. We perform the cytokine release assay, both in human cell cell lines and primary cells. Read-out techniques are flow cytometry and immuno-assay with optionally LC-MS.

Therapeutic antibodies have the potential to induce immunogenicity leading to the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Aggregated antibodies may promote immunogenicity, thus enhancing ADA production. Dendritic cells (DC) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cell population and are crucial for the initiation of T cell responses and the subsequent generation of an adaptive immune response. We can perform DC maturation assay in order to determine whether drug products have DC stimulatory capabilities. DC activation markers are analyzed via flow cytometry and ELISA.

immunostaining services are offered, in which  an antibody-based method is used to detect a specific protein in samples.

We perform immunostaining services which involves selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting antibodies binding to antigens in biological tissues.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell lines with the advatage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells.

Immunoproteomics is the investigation of proteins involved in the immune response Mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate analysis is used to identify proteins that are
modulated by a specific drug, disease or infection in comparison to a control group Other applications of immunoproteomics include the identification of potential protein targets of antibodies and monitor purification by these antibodies and the characterization of MHC binding peptides. Inflammasomes are critical for the clearance of pathogens and
damaged cells but, if uncontrollable, can also be a driver of autoimmune disease Using a proteomics approach, components of the innate immune system that regulate
inflammasomes can be identified and studied.

We specialise in designing, developing and experimenting preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo) to study biological interactions. Immune modelling is the modelling of a system to test the immune response that may be associated with an infection, a metabolite or a drug. It would be the key source to understanding the effective pathway of a therapeutic for example an oncolytic agent In immuno oncology or an inhibitor in inflammatory diseases. We emphasise on the immune modelling of a disease or a candidate therapeutic to understand:

    – if an immunotherapeutic generates the desired immune response (e.g. against tumours), or
    – if a drug targets an immune condition (e.g. autoimmunity), or– if a drug might generate an unwanted (adverse) immune response.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell line-based assays with the advantage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines and tissue cultures in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell lines with the advatage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines and tissues in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell lines with the advatage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell lines with the advatage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells. We can customize any assay to the client's needs.

Extracellular information perceived at the surface of a cell must be translated into an intracellular response that involves a complex network of interwoven signaling cascades. These signaling events regulate cellular responses like proliferation, differentiation, secretion and apoptosis. Signal transduction cascades are generally triggered by the binding of ligands, such as growth factors, cytokines, neurotransmitters, or hormones, to a receptor. We can analyse these pathways by the use of flow cytometry, immuno assays, RT-PCR and LCMS/MS.

A number of key reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur during signal transduction- the most common being phosphorylation. Other PTMs include glycosylation, ubiquination, acetylation and methylation to name just a few. These modifications provide cells with an enormous capacity for biological diversity that allow them to regulate every aspect of cellular life

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell lines with the advatage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells. Because of this, COMPIT is highly suitable for screening studies.

Co-immunoprecipitation is a standard assay for protein–protein interactions, performed with endogenous (not overexpressed and not tagged) proteins. The protein of interest is isolated with a specific antibody. Interaction partners which stick to this protein are subsequently identified by Western blotting.

We provide immunoprecipitation services, by precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This can be used to isolate and concentrate a particular protein from a sample containing many different other proteins.

Western blotting is used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.

We specialise in designing, developing and experimenting preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo) to study biological interactions. Immune modelling is the modelling of a system to test the immune response that may be associated with an infection, a metabolite or a drug. It would be the key source to understanding the effective pathway of a therapeutic for example an oncolytic agent In immuno oncology or an inhibitor in inflammatory diseases. We emphasise on the immune modelling of a disease or a candidate therapeutic to understand:

    – if an immunotherapeutic generates the desired immune response (e.g. against tumours), or
    – if a drug targets an immune condition (e.g. autoimmunity), or– if a drug might generate an unwanted (adverse) immune response.

Cell culture systems are at the heart of our expertise and services. We grow human cell lines in various culture media, both adherent and non-adherent (e.g. lymphocytes) type. We can grow any cell types on request of the client. We have developed a unique platform, COMPIT, to assess the human immune response. This platform is fully based on human cell lines with the advatage of being adaptive, consistent, reproducible and cost-effective in comparison to primary cells. Because of this, COMPIT is highly suitable for protein expression screening and optimization.

Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope that allows visualization of the distribution of a target molecule through a sample. The specificity of antibodies to their antigen is used to target fluorescent dyes to specific biomolecule targets within a cell.